Retrospective Cohort Study

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Recently In our previous issue we have published article entitled ‘’ Refractive outcomes of phacoaspiration in paediatric cataract:A retrospective cohort study ’’ by one of the eminent author ‘’ Dr. Sana Parveen’’ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

This article is about ’’ Refractive outcomes of phacoaspiration in paediatric cataract:A retrospective cohort study ’’ The mechanism of opacification of the eye's lens known as a cataract most frequently affects adults and is brought on by ageing, comorbid illnesses, and systemic disorders. Around 10 million blind-person-years, or 14%, of the world's 70 million blind-person-years attributed to childhood blindness are attributable to childhood cataract3. Approximately 280,000 to 320,000 children in India have vision impairments, which is a significant financial burden. In order to better understand the presenting patterns, visual impairment, and surgical results of patients with paediatric cataracts in central India, we undertook a hospital-based retrospective analysis.

This retrospective cohort research examined individuals under the age of 18 who underwent phacoaspiration surgery at the xxxx institute in Central India after being diagnosed with congenital and developmental cataracts. Snellen's Chart was used to measure each patient's Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and age upon presentation. The clinical presentation, treatment plan, and surgical results were noted.

The mechanism of opacification of the eye's lens known as a cataract most frequently affects adults and is brought on by ageing, comorbid illnesses, and systemic disorders. Pediatric cataracts are currently the main preventable cause of curable childhood blindness. The World Health Organization's (WHO) global drive to end blindness has focused on preventable causes and given paediatric blindness top priority. As a result of the significant financial, psychological, and social difficulties that cataracts in children can cause for the family, the kid, and society as a whole, it is crucial to detect and treat them. Some of these cases are detected when parents observe strabismus or leukocoria, however the majority of these cases are diagnosed during routine screening at OPDs.

The major technique of evaluating the success of surgery was visual acuity postoperatively and on followup for at least 3 months, coupled with the condition of the other eye and the need to rule out the formation of any squint. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pre- and postoperative problems, as well as any other noteworthy findings, were evaluated at the follow-up.

The majority of postoperative visual acuity, 6/24-6/12, was found in the eyes with preoperative visual acuity of 6/60-6/18. (Good). The highest percentage of postoperative visual acuity 6/60-6/36 was seen in eyes with preoperative visual acuity less than 6/60. (Satisfactory).

Regarding shifting refraction, surgical techniques, and functional results, managing paediatric cataract presents a significant challenge. For complete visual restoration and a positive postoperative outcome, especially in cases involving minors, the timing of surgery is essential. For positive outcomes, strict follow-up and sufficient rehabilitation are required. Parental counselling, aggressive case discovery, together with and clear referral mechanisms, are crucial in addressing cataract-related blindness. A paediatric ophthalmologist must perform the surgery in a facility that is adequately staffed, trained, and supportive. The likelihood of multiple techniques being needed to enhance follow-up following surgery is high.

Our research showed that the best treatment for juvenile cataract is cataract extraction with IOL implantation performed with anterior vitrectomy+ primary posterior capsulotomy. Poor surgical results are seen in cataracts linked to anomalies in the anterior section.

Pediatric cataract care requires rapid surgical intervention, early detection, and proper visual rehabilitation with glasses that compensate for both distance and near vision.

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